Anemia is the most common nutritional problem in pregnant women, which can easily lead to bad pregnancy ending and cause great harm to mother and baby health.According to WHO estimates, the global anemia rate of pregnant women in 2011 was 38%.The anemia ratio of pregnant women in my country is 17.2%, which is lower than the world average, but the anemia rate in various regions is large.
At present, there are still controversy on the laws of anemia during pregnancy during pregnancy. Some studies believe that with the increase of fetal growth and development accelerated with the increase of fetal growth, the amount of iron needs to increase accordingly.
Studies have found that the anemia rate of pregnant women has risen since the early pregnancy, and the peak of the second trimester has reached its peak.The cause of this trend may be that the increase in hemoglobin during pregnancy is lower than the increase rate of plasma. The hemoglobin concentration of pregnant women began to decrease in the early stages of pregnancy, and the anemia rate gradually increased.Increased, eventually led to the continued increase in hemoglobin concentration in the third trimester, and the anemia rate decreased.
Studies have found that the pre -gardening rate of anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy is higher.Anemia causes the uterine muscle layer ischemia, hypoxia, and the shrinkage function is reduced, resulting in higher probability of postpartum hemorrhage, and anemia pregnant women are prone to fatigue.It shows that anemia for pregnant women can easily lead to postpartum bleeding.
If anemia is serious, it will indeed increase the risk of large bleeding after delivery during delivery.Because anemia seriously makes pregnant women feel fatigue and cannot be energy, which will lead to extended production during childbirth.In addition, anemia can affect gastrointestinal motivation, and it will also affect uterine motivation. It is prone to symptoms of uterine contraction and weakness. Poor uterine contraction is good, which is the main cause of postpartum bleeding.
Once again, the amount of bleeding in pregnant mothers during childbirth is more. If the anemia is more serious, the original anemia will increase during childbirth, resulting in more dangerous situations such as shock, coagulation dysfunction, and major bleeding.Therefore, if the anemia of pregnant mothers is severe, the chance of bleeding during childbirth is relatively high.Once pregnant mothers discover anemia during pregnancy, iron supplementation should be improved as soon as possible.
(1) Pre -delivery prevention measures
① The identification, treatment, iron deficiency of the anemia and the optimization of the quality of red blood cells before childbirth.In the early days, iron deficiency should be carried out in time. There are many types of oral iron, which can be inorganic iron and organic iron.
The first -generation inorganic iron represented by iron sulfate can control and alleviate the progress of iron deficiency anemia to a certain extent. However, the drug adverse reactions can cause a lot of adverse reactions, including gastrointestinal reactions.The second -generation iron supplement agent represented by small molecular organic acid metaline salts appeared in the middle of the 20th century. The clinical efficiency was high and the incidence of adverse reactions was low.
In the late 20th century, the third -generation macromolecular composite iron supplement was born, including right -us glutic anhydride iron and polysaccharides.A large number of studies have confirmed that the good efficacy of the right -us glutic anhydride iron is more likely to be absorbed by the small intestine. It has a small stimulation effect on the digestive tract. It has less adverse reactions. The taste of the right lattahydride iron is better, the oral rust tastes light, nausea and vomiting less adverse reactions, and patients are easy to accept.And decentralized tablets can be dissolved in water, which is more convenient to take.
② Patients with high risk of postpartum hemorrhage (such as pre -placenta, implanted placenta, huge uterine fibroids, etc.), do a good job of preparation preparation, delivery time management, and PBM, and recommend delivery at third -level medical institutions.
(2) Prevent measures when giving birth
1. Preventive application after fetal delivery to promote uterine contraction drugs to prevent postpartum bleeding.
2. Use proper hemostatic techniques during cesarean section to minimize the amount of bleeding during the birth.
3. When bleeding after production, the latest drugs and measures are used to reduce the amount of blood loss.
(3) Postpartum prevention measures
Postpartum anemia should also continue to take right tract anhydride iron oral solution to correct anemia, reduce the physiological response of women to anemia, anti -infection treatment, increase the concentration of oxygen absorption, and maximize blood transfusion.
Different treatment methods are used during postpartum bleeding and non -active bleeding stage: in the stage of active bleeding and severe bleeding, blood transfusion is often necessary, and sometimes a large amount of blood transfusion is needed to save patients’ lives.However, in the stage of non -active bleeding, unnecessary infusion of red blood cells must be avoided.In this case, choosing venous iron supplementation may better correct postpartum anemia than oral supplementation.
Reference materials:
[1] Zhou Yanrong, Yan Jun. Right-glycotic anhydride iron oral solution The treatment of moderate iron deficiency anemia in infant and young children [J]. Modern pharmaceutical and health, 2019,35 (11): 1635-1637.
[2] Yang Liu Qing, Zhou Fengming, Zhao Rongping, Li Run, Liu Dan, Wang Yan, Zhang Yan, Liu Jing, Zhou Rong, Zeng Guo. The anemia status of pregnant women in Chengdu and the vertical research on postpartum bleeding [J]. Health research, 2016,45 (06): 927-931.
[3] Xu Kesu, Zhang Yan, Wang Yun, Zheng Xiaoyi. Iron supplementing the effects of after gardening and impact on the hemoglobin level of maternity bleeding from iron deficiency anemia [J]. Chinese women and children’s health research, 2022,33 (06): 62-66: 62-66Then, then
